When consolidation actually wins
The math: new rate (including fees amortized) needs to be 4–6 percentage points lower than your weighted average APR for the win to be significant.
Consolidating 22% credit cards into 12% personal loan = clear win.
Consolidating 18% cards into 16% loan = barely worth the inquiry.
Fees can kill the deal
A 5% origination fee on $20k of debt is $1,000 — equivalent to paying 2.5 percentage points more interest over a 2-year payoff.
For longer payoff periods (4–5 years), fees matter less. For short payoff (1–2 years), they often kill the consolidation case.
The re-charge trap
Consolidation pays off your credit cards. They now have zero balance.
Without behavior change, many people run them back up to where they were before, while still paying the consolidation loan — total debt doubles.
The fix: leave the cards open for utilization but commit to no new charges until the consolidation is paid off.
Consolidation options ranked
Balance transfer: best for small balances (under $10k) you can pay in 12–18 months.
Personal loan: best for medium balances ($10–50k) with fixed payoff in 3–5 years.
HELOC: cheapest rates, but secured by your home — only if you trust your discipline.
Cash-out refinance: extends debt over 30 years and ties it to your home. Generally avoid for consolidation unless you can keep payments short.
Common consolidation mistakes
- Ignoring origination fees in the comparison.
- Stretching to a 7-year term to lower the monthly payment.
- Closing old cards after paying them off (utilization spikes).
- Using HELOC without an iron-clad payoff plan.
- Re-charging the cards once they're paid off.