What to actually compare across loan offers
Rate alone is the most common mistake. A 7.0% loan with $5,000 in fees often costs more than a 7.3% no-fee loan, especially if you might refinance or sell within 5–7 years.
The right comparison: APR (which folds in fees), total dollars paid over the term, and the monthly payment amount you can actually fit into your budget.
APR vs interest rate — what each actually means
Interest rate: what you pay annually on the outstanding principal. The smaller of the two numbers.
APR: rate + fees amortized over the loan term, expressed as a single percentage. Always equal to or higher than the rate.
APR is the better single-number comparison, but only if you'll keep the loan to term. If you might exit early, the rate (and the fees in dollars) matter more than the APR.
Discount points: when they pay off
One point = 1% of the loan amount upfront, typically buying ~0.25% off the rate.
Math: divide the upfront cost by the monthly savings to get a break-even in months.
Example: $4,000 upfront, $50/month savings = 80 months (~6.7 years) break-even.
Stay longer than break-even: points win. Sell or refi before break-even: skip the points.
The term trade-off
Shorter term: higher monthly, lower lifetime interest, faster equity buildup.
Longer term: lower monthly, higher lifetime interest, more cash flow flexibility.
The "right" term isn't universal — it depends on your income stability, other financial goals, and how the monthly payment fits into your budget.
A useful test: can you commit to the shorter-term payment for the full term, in a recession?
Common loan-comparison mistakes
- Comparing rates without comparing fees.
- Picking the lower monthly payment when total cost is much higher.
- Paying points without checking the break-even period.
- Ignoring prepayment penalties.
- Forgetting that the "winner" depends on how long you hold the loan.