Why your real paycheck is smaller than your salary.
When you accept a $100,000 job, you do not get $100,000. You get roughly $70,000–$75,000, depending on where you live. The rest disappears into a stack of deductions that get taken automatically: federal income tax, state income tax, Social Security, Medicare, and whatever you opted into for retirement and health care.
The shock is biggest on the first paycheck. The fix is to plan in net dollars from the beginning — when you negotiate, when you budget, when you compare offers in different states. This calculator turns the headline number into the only number that matters: what hits your account on payday.
The quiet power of pretax deductions.
Every dollar you route through a pretax bucket — 401(k), HSA, FSA, or employer health premiums — is a dollar the IRS never sees as income. At the 22% federal bracket plus a 5% state, every $1,000 of pretax contribution costs you only about $730 of take-home.
That is why maxing a 401(k) almost never feels as painful as it sounds. The math does most of the work for you. The trade-off is liquidity — that money is locked until 59½ — so build the emergency fund first, then layer pretax on top.
The FICA cap that high earners hit mid-year.
Social Security tax is 6.2% on the first $168,600 of wages in 2026, then it stops. If you earn $250,000, you stop paying SS tax sometime in early September and your paychecks jump for the rest of the year. Many people mistake this for a raise; it is not. It is a tax shelf.
Medicare keeps going, and adds an extra 0.9% above $200,000 single / $250,000 married. So as you cross those thresholds, the headline number on your paycheck moves in opposite directions depending on which tax is currently applying.
Marginal rate vs. effective rate — and why people confuse them.
Your marginal rate is the percentage you pay on your next dollar of income. Your effective rate is the percentage you pay on all your dollars combined. They are almost never the same number, and the gap is often 8–12 percentage points.
Why does this matter? Because financial decisions — should I work overtime, should I take the bonus, should I do Roth or traditional — are decided at the margin, not the average. Knowing both numbers lets you reason about extra income correctly.
Why the same salary is worth very different amounts by state.
Seven states have no state income tax: Alaska, Florida, Nevada, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Washington, and Wyoming. New Hampshire taxes only interest and dividends. The rest range from flat 3% (Pennsylvania-ish) to California's graduated 13.3% top rate.
A $150,000 salary in Texas yields roughly $11,000 more take-home than the same salary in California — but Texas has higher property tax, California has milder weather, and so the comparison never reduces to a single number. The calculator handles the tax part; you handle the rest.